<html><head></head><body><div class="ydp64a0d24eyahoo-style-wrap" style="font-family:Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">Dear Liye,</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">You may find some useful illustration of case studies of what could arguably <span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">be </span></span>described as cases of apprenticeship in carving prehistoric bone figurines from Bulgaria and Romania dating towards the third quarter of the 5th mill BC. They are published in a paper I co-authored in 2014 with Aline Averbouh in the excellent volume of the meeting in Targoviste (Romania) edited by <span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Monica Mărgărit, Gaëlle Le Dosseur & Aline Averbouh. </span></span></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">There we illustrated some unfinished figurines that had notches in the places where incised decoration had to be executed suggesting to me that an experienced hand have left guidelines for his apprentice to carve the ornaments in a case of relatively standardized "mass production". </span></span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Here is a link you could consult: </span><a href="https://www.academia.edu/9817269/The_production_of_bone_figurines_in_the_Balkan_Chalcolithic_and_the_use_of_debitage_by_extraction_Produc%C8%9Bia_figurinelor_din_os_%C3%AEn_calcoliticul_balcanic_%C8%99i_utilizarea_debitajului_prin_extrac%C8%9Bie" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.academia.edu/9817269/The_production_of_bone_figurines_in_the_Balkan_Chalcolithic_and_the_use_of_debitage_by_extraction_Produc%C8%9Bia_figurinelor_din_os_%C3%AEn_calcoliticul_balcanic_%C8%99i_utilizarea_debitajului_prin_extrac%C8%9Bie</a></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">I hope it works for you and anyone who may be interested in that topic.</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">With best wishes,</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">Petar</div><div><br></div><div class="ydp64a0d24esignature"><div style="font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:16px;"><div>-- </div><div dir="ltr"> <div class="ydp12af3d66pasted-link"><div>Petar Zidarov <div>Vitoshki ezera 3a</div><div><span style="font-size:12.8px;">BG-1434 Sofia, BULGARIA </span></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8px;">cell phone: +359 898 347 252</span></div></div><div><span style="font-size:12.8px;"><br></span></div><div><a href="https://newbulgarian.academia.edu/PetarZidarov" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://uni-tuebingen.academia.edu/PetarZidarov</a><br></div><div><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Petar_Zidarov2" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Petar_Zidarov2</a><br></div><div><a href="http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9968-7786" style="color:rgb(17,85,204);font-family:arial, helvetica, sans-serif;font-size:15px;" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9968-7786</a><br></div><div><br></div><div><div>Eberhard-Karls Universität Tübingen</div><div>Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie des Mittelalters, Jüngere Abt.</div><div>Schloss Hohentübingen</div><div>72070 Tübingen, GERMANY</div><div><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>
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On Thursday, September 16, 2021, 11:51:30 PM GMT+3, Liye Xie <liye.xie@utoronto.ca> wrote:
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<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436MsoNormal"><span style="color:#2F5597;">Thank you very much, Christian! I look forward to reading your paper later today.</span></p>
<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436MsoNormal"><span style="color:#2F5597;">Thank you,</span></p>
<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436MsoNormal"><span style="color:#2F5597;">-Liye</span></p>
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<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436MsoNormal"><b>From:</b> Bonetools <bonetools-bounces@listserv.niif.hu> <b>
On Behalf Of </b>Christian Gates St-Pierre<br clear="none">
<b>Sent:</b> Thursday, September 16, 2021 4:06 PM<br clear="none">
<b>To:</b> bonetools@listserv.niif.hu<br clear="none">
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bonetools] Info and thoughts on craft learning</p>
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<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;">Dear Liye,</span></p>
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<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;">That's a very interesting question, especially the binary learning system you describe. I don't know of any other instance of such a system, unfortunately. However, I have
addressed the issue of technological learning, and more especially the social sharing or technological knowledge regarding bone tool production in a publication of mine, which I place in attachment to this message (sorry for the self-promotion). Hope this
helps.</span></p>
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<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;">Christian</span></p>
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<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;">Christian Gates St-Pierre</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;"><br clear="none">
Professeur adjoint</span></p>
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<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;">Département d'anthropologie</span></p>
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<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;">Université de Montréal<br clear="none">
Pavillon Lionel-Groulx<br clear="none">
C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville<br clear="none">
Montréal, Québec, Canada<br clear="none">
H3C 3J7<br clear="none">
514.343.6111, poste 51711</span></p>
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<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#26282A;">On Thursday, September 16, 2021, 01:23:44 p.m. GMT-4, Liye Xie <<a shape="rect" href="mailto:liye.xie@utoronto.ca" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">liye.xie@utoronto.ca</a>> wrote:
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<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436ydpe133867cyiv6667438260msonormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#26282A;">Hello everyone,</span></p>
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<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436ydpe133867cyiv6667438260msonormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#26282A;">I am seeking help from this incredibly resourceful and knowledgeable group.
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<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436ydpe133867cyiv6667438260msonormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#26282A;">I am working on a paper on the learning patterns of bone shovel production in the Neolithic Hemudu culture in eastern China. It appears
to me that the Hemudu people had a binary system for maintaining their bone shovel tradition, meaning they conformed to the social norms in terms of object style and raw material preference but relied on self-learning to produce the tools. This combination
of social learning and self-learning for an object that was likely tied to a group identity seems odd to me. Because, honestly, I naively expected to find evidence for communities of practice or at least some sort of formal training to maintain an almost iconic
object of society. </span></p>
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<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436ydpe133867cyiv6667438260msonormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#26282A;">I have been trying to find comparable studies on cultural transmission and ways of maintaining technological tradition. But, unfortunately,
the case studies I have seen so far are primarily on pottery and lithic productions. In addition, I couldn’t find any mention of a binary learning system as such. Therefore, I wondered if you could point me to relevant publications on bone tools or a binary
learning system for any crafts. </span></p>
<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436ydpe133867cyiv6667438260msonormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#26282A;"> </span></p>
<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436ydpe133867cyiv6667438260msonormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#26282A;">I understand everyone is very busy. I would appreciate any information or thoughts you could share.</span></p>
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<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436ydpe133867cyiv6667438260msonormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#26282A;">Thank you.
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<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436ydpe133867cyiv6667438260msonormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#26282A;">-Liye</span></p>
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<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436ydpe133867cyiv6667438260msonormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#2F5496;">Dr. Liye Xie
</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#26282A;"></span></p>
<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436ydpe133867cyiv6667438260msonormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#2F5496;">Associate Professor & Associate Chair</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#26282A;"></span></p>
<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436ydpe133867cyiv6667438260msonormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#2F5496;">Department of Anthropology</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#26282A;"></span></p>
<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436ydpe133867cyiv6667438260msonormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#2F5496;">University of Toronto Mississauga</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#26282A;"></span></p>
<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436ydpe133867cyiv6667438260msonormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#2F5496;"><a shape="rect" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Liye-Xie" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Liye-Xie</a></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#26282A;"></span></p>
<p class="ydp9aa13a7yiv5720878436ydpe133867cyiv6667438260msonormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#2F5496;"><a shape="rect" href="https://www.anthropology.utoronto.ca/people/directories/all-faculty/liye-xie/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://www.anthropology.utoronto.ca/people/directories/all-faculty/liye-xie/</a></span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;color:#26282A;"></span></p>
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