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<div>Dear Christian and Bone toolers,</div><div><br></div><div>Its nice to see these old brushes again! They were not published yet.<br></div><div>The
brushes in the pictures were found in the Temple Mount sifting project.
Its a project were tourists, students etc. sift earth that was
illegally excavated out from the mountain when renovations were made in
the lower levels of the mosque there. Naturally, being out of their
archaeological context, these brushes and the other finds from the
sifting project have very little chronological significance. <br></div><div><br></div><div>In
the past few years I did get to see a few such brushes come out from
excavations of 19th-early 20th century contexts. A few have inscriptions
on the handle: "EXTRA FINE ARTS" or "EXTRA FINE ARTS. PARIS", and I
believe they were first imported here by Europeans (American/German
colonies, British soldiers, and of course Jews who came to settle). <br></div><div><div><img src="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0?ui=2&ik=d61130ad2c&attid=0.5&permmsgid=msg-a:r-5753230339253391585&th=166d5ba92abd3341&view=fimg&sz=s0-l75-ft&attbid=ANGjdJ-aZ89XKr-Un10E-1WjuAvNT9fN2ivkeX1ZmvVGg0DmJK4YTgWVDqZtitwzNcD0hWWKJYdr6l8S00RNSyRn-rznagEWbIn6k7yjsDljX6Fy7pCKNhnW4UvARlM&disp=emb&realattid=ii_jo0cq8ha5" alt="B-347201-11071807472.jpg" style="margin-right: 0px;" class="gmail-CToWUd gmail-a6T" tabindex="0" width="420" height="192"></div></div><div><div><br></div></div><div><br></div><div>In
the email some years ago, I also mentioned that some of them have
incised grooves on the back and some of them do not. I learned that
these grooves relate to the method in which the tufts were inserted and
attached to the stock. The brushes with incised grooves had a copper
wire drawn through the grooves to hold the tufts in place. I found this
great sketch on google:<br></div><div><div><img src="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0?ui=2&ik=d61130ad2c&attid=0.1&permmsgid=msg-a:r-5753230339253391585&th=166d5ba92abd3341&view=fimg&sz=s0-l75-ft&attbid=ANGjdJ97nde32F1qk4Bl02E4dKPPvGKwNu1oAZEqWcVULJ7qJoicH04c3sqTdA4if8dkjgGNfSJ9yIGFlpZXh8xZGKdCGEc1r14AZPI-3kh9MxtZzPxbvIZvbK5mqSg&disp=emb&realattid=ii_jo0bj4gb0" alt="image.png" style="margin-right: 0px;" class="gmail-CToWUd gmail-a6T" tabindex="0" width="190" height="171"></div></div><div>The
incisions were then filled with something like enamel or cement or some
other pasty material to hide the copper wire and the groove. In some
brushes the filling paste is exactly the same color as the bone and you
can't really know its there.
In others
the wire and the filling paste is easier to see. <br></div><div><div><img src="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0?ui=2&ik=d61130ad2c&attid=0.2&permmsgid=msg-a:r-5753230339253391585&th=166d5ba92abd3341&view=fimg&sz=s0-l75-ft&attbid=ANGjdJ_XUwyBIw2LFIyjkUKencGDCMatsR1uVYqJbHHwdunLqJQUXr7ToAGSuQtg70rKGiyVs7J7tH8GrUe1uqOvdhsy838ribk7sG3p0ELhskqv7tInjeVK8OrqPU0&disp=emb&realattid=ii_jo0c7d9y2" alt="Wire-drawn-bristle-attachment.jpg" style="margin-right: 0px;" class="gmail-CToWUd gmail-a6T" tabindex="0" width="349" height="279"></div></div><div><br></div><div>Then
there are these brushes with no grooves. These have a similar system to
attach the tufts, but with very delicate tunnels instead of grooves.
The tunnels are then plugged to hide them and the wires inside; and
honestly, you can't see them unless you know where to look!<br></div><div><div><img src="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0?ui=2&ik=d61130ad2c&attid=0.3&permmsgid=msg-a:r-5753230339253391585&th=166d5ba92abd3341&view=fimg&sz=s0-l75-ft&attbid=ANGjdJ_cCWKjmPUw3AzSCeRnEeVKVGA6-FKOxHfn-UAWl7-_wS7-eAgkoQ8Fcp0VSocyrCRwlKNoq2o8SO8qOMINUqNYnsihE6GrbEKjD6ynhsl1Hz09egZsIKi9zzs&disp=emb&realattid=ii_jo0cefc73" alt="image.png" style="margin-right: 0px;" class="gmail-CToWUd gmail-a6T" tabindex="0" width="190" height="161"></div></div><div><br></div><div><div><img src="https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0?ui=2&ik=d61130ad2c&attid=0.4&permmsgid=msg-a:r-5753230339253391585&th=166d5ba92abd3341&view=fimg&sz=s0-l75-ft&attbid=ANGjdJ-0VU6LoOQhGK7FvAkBG25MVNsloznmwCnJyWVetOJA6lYXxTWZulfX1bHa082UKpcCMbdhMsdh5NsRtwWoWpR06dqsotcOR4YdxDNkPyhsrBrBNXFW984mUzs&disp=emb&realattid=ii_jo0clvke4" alt="Treppaned-wire-system.jpg" style="margin-right: 0px;" class="gmail-CToWUd gmail-a6T" tabindex="0" width="326" height="261"></div></div><div><div><div><br></div></div></div><div><br></div><div>There
is a book by Barbara Mattick which I haven't read (I couldn't find a
copy in Israel), but as its title goes I'm sure it will be a treasure to
anyone who wants to learn bone toothbrushes: Mattick B. 2009. <b>A Guide to Bone Toothbrushes of the 19th and Early 20th Centuries</b>. <br></div><div>And there is also this nice exhibition at the virtual dentistry museum: <a href="http://www.virtualdentalmuseum.org/exhibits/different-strokes-different-folks-history-toothbrush/" target="_blank">Different Strokes for Different Folks: A History of the Toothbrush</a></div><div><br></div><div>Have a good one,</div><div>Ariel</div>
</div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr">On Fri, Nov 2, 2018 at 2:53 PM Hans Christian Küchelmann <<a href="mailto:info@knochenarbeit.de">info@knochenarbeit.de</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div style="word-wrap:break-word">Dear Ariel,<div><br></div><div>I chose the brushes from Jerusalem you sent to the bonetool mailing list in April 2014 as this months bone tool on the WBRG website. See</div><div><a href="https://www.wbrg.net/bonetool-of-the-month-archives/" target="_blank">https://www.wbrg.net/bonetool-of-the-month-archives/</a></div><div><br></div><div>Would you like me to add some information, e.g. about the site they were found in or is there anything published about those brushes in the meantime?</div><div><br></div><div>With kind regards.</div><div><br></div><div>Christian<br><div>
<div style="color:rgb(0,0,0);letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;word-wrap:break-word">-- <br>Knochenarbeit <br><br>Hans Christian Küchelmann <br><br>Speicherhof 4, D-28217 Bremen, Germany <br>tel: +49 - 421 - 61 99 177<br>mail: <a href="mailto:info@knochenarbeit.de" target="_blank">info@knochenarbeit.de</a> <br>web: <a href="http://www.knochenarbeit.de" target="_blank">http://www.knochenarbeit.de</a></div>
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<br><div><blockquote type="cite"><div>Am 30.04.2014 um 07:57 schrieb Ariel Shatil <<a href="mailto:ariel.shatil@mail.huji.ac.il" target="_blank">ariel.shatil@mail.huji.ac.il</a>>:</div><br class="m_-2256115412760151179Apple-interchange-newline"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div>Dear list,<br></div>A few weeks or months ago Etan Ayalon asked for parallels to a fragment of a tooth brush from Wadi al-Sheih (Haifa, Israel). Here are a few fragments of tooth brushes from Jerusalem probably dating to the late Ottoman period or British Mandate. They are only slightly different from Etan's brushes (there are no line incisions on the back). Some of them have holes piercing through the brush, so maybe they were attached to a frame from a different material?<br>
</div>Another interesting brush is a large rectangular one with many holes, all of them pierce through the object, so it must have had a frame of wood, horn or other material or it was double sided. The rims around the circumference are painted brown-red, and on the sides there are the remains of a hard flaky substance (maybe glue). The holes are arranged in a nice pattern - two high rimed holes surrounded by 8 regular holes.The opposite surface is completely flat without the alternating high rimed holes (therefore I think it was covered). <div>
<div><br>-- <br>Ariel Shatil<br>Institute of Archaeology<br>The Hebrew University, Jerusalem
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<span id="m_-2256115412760151179cid:8971BDD4-DB93-420C-B923-844282B077A8@home"><2014-04-27 09.25.41.jpg></span><span id="m_-2256115412760151179cid:0B5F9BC7-E062-4D2A-B2F6-45A572749BBA@home"><2014-04-27 09.30.10.jpg></span><span id="m_-2256115412760151179cid:EA1869FB-3794-42D9-9222-440BE861C9FD@home"><2014-04-27 09.30.37.jpg></span><span id="m_-2256115412760151179cid:1232FD1C-FE72-40D9-9604-E4BB9BCA1FCB@home"><2014-04-30 08.30.53.jpg></span>_______________________________________________<br>Bonetools mailing list<br><a href="mailto:Bonetools@listserv.niif.hu" target="_blank">Bonetools@listserv.niif.hu</a><br><a href="https://listserv.niif.hu/mailman/listinfo/bonetools" target="_blank">https://listserv.niif.hu/mailman/listinfo/bonetools</a><br></div></blockquote></div><br></div></div></blockquote></div><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature">Ariel Shatil<br>Institute of Archaeology<br>The Hebrew University, Jerusalem </div>