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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Dear Miriam,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Steve is right. The sample size does depend on the state of protein preservation but we have had good results with the eraser method on worked bone objects.
However, ZooMS is a minimally destructive technique compared to aDNA sampling. Although I would normally not do identifications from photographs alone, the features on your bone object leave me in no doubt that it is cetacean bone (do contact me directly
if you want a more detailed account on which this identification is based for publication). It is possible that ZooMS could provide you with additional information i.e. possible species. The York team is very experienced in proteomics analysis and aDNA and
I am sure they will advise you well.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Three points to consider:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">1 Biochemical and physical preservation are two different things. Sometimes, even with a big sample, the preservation of the collagen is not good enough to
provide an ID, even when the preservation of the gross morphology, macro and micro structural evidence is good enough to provide a positive visual identification. This may turn out to be the case with your material.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">2 If the collagen is not well enough preserved to give a useful result with ZooMS, then it is unlikely that you would get any meaningful result from DNA at
all (you agree with this Steve??).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">3 ZooMS (or DNA for that matter) may be able to tell you that an object comes from an elephant, a whale or a deer, but it cannot tell you if you are dealing
with bone, ivory or antler. It is together the two techniques are most powerful. Visual identification may fully answer your questions and, if not, it will certainly help you frame the questions these biochemical analytical techniques might then answer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Hope this all helps<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Sonia<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:72.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Dr Sonia O'Connor
</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">PhD FSA FIIC ACR Honorary Visiting Fellow, University of York</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:72.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Post-doctoral Researcher<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:72.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Archaeological Sciences<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:72.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Division of AGES,
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:72.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">University of Bradford<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:72.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:72.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:72.0pt"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">tel 01274 23 6498<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Bonetools [mailto:bonetools-bounces@listserv.niif.hu]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Steve Ashby<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 24 February 2016 16:17<br>
<b>To:</b> Mailing list for archaeologists of the research group for the study of object and waste of bone, antler. ivory and horn.<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bonetools] Help to identify the raw material of an artefact (part 2)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">You may need more than the eraser method, but samples still tiny.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Steve <br>
<br>
On Wednesday, 24 February 2016, Sonia O'Connor <<a href="mailto:S.Oconnor@bradford.ac.uk">S.Oconnor@bradford.ac.uk</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Species identification by ZooMS. This is done by fingerprinting the peptides that make up the collagen
protein using mass-spectrometry. Collagen is more likely to survive than DNA, is less effected by contamination and requires a much smaller sample (it is often not possible to see by eye where the sample has been removed, which is done using an eraser). It
should be able to confirm the ID as cetacean but may not be able to give you the exact species. The team at BioACH at the University of York have had a lot of success with. You need to contact Dr Matthew Collins in the first instance
<a href="javascript:_e(%7B%7D,'cvml','matthew.collins@york.ac.uk');" target="_blank">
matthew.collins@york.ac.uk</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">All the best,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Sonia</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:72.0pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Dr Sonia O'Connor
</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">PhD FSA FIIC ACR Honorary Visiting Fellow, University of York</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:72.0pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Post-doctoral Researcher</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:72.0pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Archaeological Sciences</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:72.0pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Division of AGES,
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:72.0pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">University of Bradford</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:72.0pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:72.0pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;margin-left:72.0pt">
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D">tel 01274 23 6498</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Bonetools
[mailto:<a href="javascript:_e(%7B%7D,'cvml','bonetools-bounces@listserv.niif.hu');" target="_blank">bonetools-bounces@listserv.niif.hu</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Miriam Luciañez Triviño<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 24 February 2016 14:28<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="javascript:_e(%7B%7D,'cvml','bonetools@listserv.niif.hu');" target="_blank">
bonetools@listserv.niif.hu</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Bonetools] Help to identify the raw material of an artefact (part 2)</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"> <o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Dear all,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">I would like to thank you for your suggestions and assessment, especially thank you Sonia for your evaluation. The documentation of this new material increase the number of osseous raw materials
worked in this settlement. To have a more sure characterization... Could you suggest me the most suitable (not destructive, if possible) analytical method (or a combination of)?</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Thank you very much,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Miriam</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">--
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<pre><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif";color:#3366FF">Miriam Luciañez Triviño</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><br></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times","serif"">Contrato Predoctoral del Gobierno Vasco<br><br>Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología<br>Universidad de Sevilla<br>María de Padilla s/n. 41004. Sevilla. Spain<br>Phone: (34) 954 556906<br>Fax: (34) 954 559920<br><br>E-mail: <a href="javascript:_e(%7B%7D,'cvml','mlucianez@us.es');" target="_blank">mlucianez@us.es</a><br><a href="http://www.departamento.us.es/dpreyarq/web" target="_blank">http://www.departamento.us.es/dpreyarq/web</a><br><a href="http://www.grupo.us.es/atlas" target="_blank">http://www.grupo.us.es/atlas</a></span><o:p></o:p></pre>
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<br>
-- <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Steve Ashby<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
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Dr Steven P Ashby, FSA<br>
Senior Lecturer<br>
Dept of Archaeology<br>
University of York<br>
<a href="http://www.york.ac.uk/archaeology" target="_blank">www.york.ac.uk/archaeology</a><br>
@uoyarchaeology / @grungeviking <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Awards Officer, Finds Research Group<br>
<a href="http://www.frg700-1700.org.uk" target="_blank">www.frg700-1700.org.uk</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">PLEASE NOTE: I am on research leave. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">Student issues to <b>David Orton</b> (<a href="mailto:gill.chitty@york.ac.uk" target="_blank">david.orton@york.ac.uk</a>). <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.5pt">BoS issues to <b>Dr Gill Chitty</b> (<a href="mailto:gill.chitty@york.ac.uk" target="_blank">gill.chitty@york.ac.uk</a>).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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Please support families and communities in Langtang, Nepal: <a href="http://www.justgiving.com/langtang-survivors" target="_blank">http://www.justgiving.com/langtang-survivors</a><br>
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Please see the University of York's email disclaimer: <a href="http://www.york.ac.uk/docs/disclaimer/email.htm" target="_blank">
http://www.york.ac.uk/docs/disclaimer/email.htm</a><br>
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