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<p>Dear Sabine,<br>
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<p>Ivory identification is my speciality. I have also examined a number of archaeological ivory rings from Anglo Saxon sites in the UK, all of which were elephant ivory. The illustration in Nerman's paper shows the way that this ivory usually breaks up in
burial. Your fragments look very different but I have seen similar examples. Most of your fragments do not have any diagnostic features and the photomicrographs do not show any further useful information (several of them seem to be the same view). However,
some of the fragments, like the one from image DSC05538 (attached) do show surfaces with fine corrugations that are typical of fractures that form between the layers of dentine in elephant ivory. This does not mean that all the fragments are elephant ivory.<br>
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<p>Hope that helps,<br>
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<p>Sonia<br>
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Dr Sonia O'Connor <font size="1">PhD FSA FIIC ACR Honorary Visiting Fellow, University of York</font>
<div>Post-doctoral Researcher</div>
<div>Archaeological Sciences</div>
<div>Division of AGES</div>
<div>University of Bradford</div>
<div>Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP</div>
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<div>Tel 01274 236498</div>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Bonetools <bonetools-bounces@listserv.niif.hu> on behalf of Sabine Sten <sabine.sten@arkeologi.uu.se><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 08 April 2015 14:25<br>
<b>To:</b> Mailing list for archaeologists of the research group for the study of object and waste of bone, antler. ivory and horn.<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Maja Nilsson (majanilsson92@gmail.com); Gustav Malmborg<br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Bonetools] Ivory teeth in iron Age grav Sweden?</font>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#222222">Hallo Bonetools,
</span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#222222">My osteology student Maja Nilsson works with a grave, dated to younger Iron Age, with cremated bones from
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Kiplingeberg i Bälinge parish,
</span><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#222222">Uppland in Sweden. Maja has identified some tooth fragments in the grave and we wonder if the tooth fragments can be ivory. Maja has photographed the tooth fragments and my colleague
Gustav has photographed some tooth fragments under a microscope. Does anyone have experience of ivory rings from elephant in grave materials or advice on any literature? Have Maja found ivory fragments of elephant in the grave?
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#222222">Species in the grave: human, dog, sheep/goat, cattle, pig, bear and a hen</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">.
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""></span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"">Artefacts: Comb in bone, beads, bronze buckles, needle head in bronze……</span></p>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif""> </span></p>
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<span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#222222">I enclose an old article by Nerman 1955 in Fornvännen. There is a Summary in the end of the article.
</span><span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#222222">Nerman</span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#222222">
<span class="hps">have found</span> <span class="hps">an ivory</span> <span class="hps">
ring in</span> <span class="hps">a grave</span> <span class="hps">on the island Gotland in the Baltic Sea.</span></span></p>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#222222"> </span></span></p>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#222222">Microscope photos:</span></span></p>
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<span class="hps"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#222222">Tvärsnitt – cross section</span></span></p>
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<span class="hps"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#222222">Böjd sida- curved side</span></span></p>
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<span class="hps"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#222222">Plan sida- plan side</span></span></p>
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<span class="hps"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#222222"> </span></span></p>
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<span class="hps"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#222222">Greatful for help.</span></span></p>
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<span class="hps"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#222222">//Sabine</span></span></p>
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<span class="hps"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#222222"> </span></span></p>
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<span style="color:#1F497D"><img width="84" height="84" id="Bild_x0020_1" alt="https://mp.uu.se/documents/432512/893786/UU_logo_tranp4f125px.png/bdc5b258-d39a-4389-80da-f88ee8fdd3d5?t=1377780614885" style="-webkit-user-select: none;" src="cid:image001.png@01D0720E.5329C7A0"></span><span style="color:black"></span></p>
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<span style="color:black">Sabine Sten</span></p>
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<span style="color:black">Professor i osteoarkeologi</span></p>
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<span style="color:black">Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia</span></p>
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<span style="color:black">Uppsala universitet - Campus Gotland</span></p>
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<span style="color:black">621 67 Visby</span></p>
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<span style="color:black">Tel: 0498 – 10 8320</span></p>
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<span style="color:black">Web: <a href="http://www.arkeologi.uu.se" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;">
http://www.arkeologi.uu.se</a></span></p>
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