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<p>Caro François,<br>
<br>
Hoje tive oportunidade de voltar a ver o artefacto sob o microscópio. Ele mede 6mm comprimento X 3mm de espessura e o orifício central mede 2mm de largura. A superfície exterior não tem marcas de estrias de manufactura, ela não é totalmente lisa, apresenta linhas longitudinais, paralelas ao eixo longo do artefacto e estas linhas têm algumas pequenas depressões, espaçadas entre si. Não se notam marcas de serragem ou corte nos bordos laterais.<br>
No corte / secção, vêem-se linhas que são longitudinais e estendem-se por toda a superfície até ao orifício, estas linhas presentes no corte /secção são naturais, não resultam de manufactura e têm alguns vestígios de concrecções calcárias (o que é normal também nos restos de fauna recuperados daqui). Não há uma diferenciação entre tecido cortical e tecido esponjoso, como nos outros ossos de mamíferos, o tecido é o mesmo desde a superfície exterior até ao orifício central, não existem <em>osteons</em>, é um conjunto único de linhas que parecem fibras e todas com a mesma direcção.<br>
O orifício central não tem marcas de perfuração nos bordos, e estes não são totalmente regulares porque as linhas / fibras que falei antes terminam aqui. A olho nú o orifício parece perfeito, mas ao microscópio é ligeiramente irregular. A unha não deixa marca visível na superfície, e ao cair na mesa o som que o artefacto faz é como um "clic".<br>
<br>
Obrigada pela ajuda<br>
<br>
Cumprimentos,<br>
Marina<br>
<br></p>
<p>Quoting François Poplin <<a href="mailto:poplin@mnhn.fr">poplin@mnhn.fr</a>>:</p>
<blockquote style="border-left:2px solid blue;margin-left:8px;padding-left:8px;" type="cite">
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">J'ai très peu de temps ce matin.<br>
<br>
Je voudrais repartir de l'expérience que j'ai de l'espadon :<br>
<br>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -36.0pt;mso-pagination:none;tab-stops:15.05pt 39.0pt 51.05pt 87.05pt 123.05pt 159.05pt 195.05pt 231.05pt 267.05pt 303.05pt 339.05pt 375.05pt 411.05pt 447.05pt 483.05pt 519.05pt 555.05pt 591.05pt"><span style="font-family:Times">27 POPLIN F., 1975 - Restes de rostre d'Espadon trouvés dans un gisement néolithique de l'étang de Leucate (Aude). <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Bull. Soc. Préhist. Fr</i>., 72, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">C.R.S.M.</i>, n° 3, 69-70, 1 fig.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent: -36.0pt;mso-pagination:none;tab-stops:15.05pt 39.0pt 51.05pt 87.05pt 123.05pt 159.05pt 195.05pt 231.05pt 267.05pt 303.05pt 339.05pt 375.05pt 411.05pt 447.05pt 483.05pt 519.05pt 555.05pt 591.05pt"><span style="font-family:Times"> </span></p>
Je demande qu'on me ressorte des pièces. A bientôt.<br>
<br>
Marina Evora, écrivez-moi en portugais, ce sera mieux.<br>
<br>
Expliquez-moi bien comment est fait le trou : est-il foré par l'homme (is it drilled), ou bien est-ce un conduit naturel, avec une paroi propre, comme il semble (mais sur une très petite surface) sur vos photos ?<br>
J'ai le souvenir - très mauvais souvenir - de photographies d'une diaphyse présentant des trous ronds, avec un commentaire qui parlait de forage ("drilled"), et qui était un commentaire tromper. Les trous étaient creusés par des larves.<br>
<br>
I do like to help, but please, help me to help you.<br>
<br>
<br>
Le 09/07/2014 22:12, Sonia O'Connor a écrit :</div>
<blockquote cite="mid:1404936734686.63202@bradford.ac.uk" type="cite">
<div id="OWAFontStyleDivID" style="font-size:12pt;color:#000000;background-color:#FFFFFF;font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">
<p>Dear Amy,</p>
<p> </p>
<p>There is not much compact tissue like this in a whale except in the rib or the jaw of toothed cetacean, such as sperm whale. <span style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">The object is small and entirely worked so to determine the species it would be necessary to undertake proteomics or DNA studies. </span>These are secondary osteon structures. They develop in mammal bone as it matures, overwriting the original fibrolamellar structure of the bone to a greater or lesser extent. In whale they <span style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">completely obliterate the original lamellar structure of the bone and there is no</span> interstitial bone between them.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>The picture attached is a side view of the same object. Sorry I do not have such a close-up view of it but each division on the scale is a millimetre.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>All the best,</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Sonia</p>
<p> </p>
<div>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<div name="divtagdefaultwrapper" style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size:; margin:0">Dr Sonia O'Connor <font size="1">PhD FSA FIIC ACR Honorary Visiting Fellow, University of York</font>
<div>Post-doctoral Researcher</div>
<div>Archaeological Sciences</div>
<div>Division of AGES</div>
<div>University of Bradford</div>
<div>Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Tel 01274 236498</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="color: rgb(33, 33, 33);">
<hr style="display:inline-block; width:98%" tabindex="-1">
<div dir="ltr" id="divRplyFwdMsg"><font color="#000000" face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Bonetools <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:bonetools-bounces@listserv.niif.hu"><bonetools-bounces@listserv.niif.hu></a> on behalf of Margaris, Amy V. <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:amy.margaris@oberlin.edu"><amy.margaris@oberlin.edu></a><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 09 July 2014 20:00<br>
<b>To:</b> Mailing list for archaeologists of the research group for the study of object and waste of bone, antler. ivory and horn.<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bonetools] identification of raw material</font>
<div> </div>
</div>
<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div>Thanks Sonia! <br>
Do you have a side view to share of this same object? I am wondering what these features (the Haversian canals?) look like in profile at this scale.<br>
Also, what species and element are we looking at?<br>
</div>
Amy</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 2:42 PM, Sonia O'Connor <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:S.Oconnor@bradford.ac.uk" moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank">S.Oconnor@bradford.ac.uk</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex; border-left:1px #ccc solid; padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">
<div style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#ffffff; font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">
<div style="font-size:12pt; color:#000000; background-color:#ffffff; font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">
<p>??Dear Amy,</p>
<p> </p>
<p>If I have got the scale right and this object is c 7 mm in diameter, then the features are too small for even a small species of whale. Also the structure is not like that of mammal bone. Here is a picture of mature cetacean bone.</p>
<div>
<div>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<div name="divtagdefaultwrapper">Dr Sonia O'Connor <font size="1">PhD FSA FIIC ACR Honorary Visiting Fellow, University of York</font>
<div>Post-doctoral Researcher</div>
<div>Archaeological Sciences</div>
<div>Division of AGES</div>
<div>University of Bradford</div>
<div>Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP</div>
<div> </div>
<div>Tel 01274 236498</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="color:rgb(33,33,33)">
<hr style="display:inline-block; width:98%">
<div dir="ltr"><font color="#000000" face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Bonetools <<a href="mailto:bonetools-bounces@listserv.niif.hu" moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank">bonetools-bounces@listserv.niif.hu</a>> on behalf of Margaris, Amy V. <<a href="mailto:amy.margaris@oberlin.edu" moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank">amy.margaris@oberlin.edu</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 09 July 2014 18:13</font>
<div>
<div class="h5"><br>
<font color="#000000" face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt"><b>To:</b> Mailing list for archaeologists of the research group for the study of object and waste of bone, antler. ivory and horn.<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bonetools] identification of raw material</font></div>
</div>
<div> </div>
</div>
<div>
<div class="h5">
<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div>Dear Marina,<br>
<br>
Could your object be made of cetacean bone?<br>
<br>
I can't account for the curious pattern along its cross-section (reminds me of tooth/ivory?) but the parallel striae on the rounded outer surface (in your third original attachment) look to me like the relatively porous regions whale bone.<br>
</div>
<div>Amy</div>
<div> </div>
and p.s. to Sonia O'Connor: wow, cuttlefish shell is beautiful!<br>
<br>
</div>
<div class="gmail_extra"><br>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Wed, Jul 9, 2014 at 12:04 PM, Sonia O'Connor <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:S.Oconnor@bradford.ac.uk" moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank">S.Oconnor@bradford.ac.uk</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex; border-left:1px #ccc solid; padding-left:1ex">
<p>Dear Marina,<br>
As the lines are part of the material this feature confirms that this is definitely not antler.</p>
<div><br>
Sonia<br>
<br>
Dr Sonia O'Connor PhD FSA FIIC ACR Honorary Visiting Fellow, University of York<br>
Post-doctoral Researcher<br>
Archaeological Sciences<br>
Division of AGES</div>
<div>University of Bradford<br>
Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP<br>
</div>
Tel 01274 236498<br>
<br>
________________________________________<br>
From: Bonetools <<a href="mailto:bonetools-bounces@listserv.niif.hu" moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank">bonetools-bounces@listserv.niif.hu</a>> on behalf of <a href="mailto:marinaevora@sapo.pt" moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank">marinaevora@sapo.pt</a> <<a href="mailto:marinaevora@sapo.pt" moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank">marinaevora@sapo.pt</a>><br>
Sent: 08 July 2014 13:07<br>
<div>To: Mailing list for archaeologists of the research group for the study of object and waste of bone, antler. ivory and horn.</div>
Subject: Re: [Bonetools] identification of raw material<br>
<div>
<div><br>
Hi Sonia,<br>
<br>
Those lines are part of the material, and it's because of them that I<br>
have doubts about the raw material...<br>
<br>
Thank you.<br>
<br>
best<br>
Marina<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Quoting Sonia O'Connor <<a href="mailto:S.Oconnor@bradford.ac.uk" moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank">S.Oconnor@bradford.ac.uk</a>>:<br>
<br>
> Dear Marina,<br>
><br>
> I'm not sure what it is from these images. I cannot confirm antler.<br>
> Please can you explain the features indicated in the image I have<br>
> sent back to you.<br>
><br>
> All the best,<br>
><br>
> Sonia<br>
><br>
> Dr Sonia O'Connor PhD FSA FIIC ACR Honorary Visiting Fellow,<br>
> University of York<br>
> Post-doctoral Researcher<br>
> Archaeological Sciences<br>
> Division of AGES,<br>
> University of Bradford<br>
> Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK<br>
><br>
> tel 01274 23 6498<br>
><br>
><br>
> -----Original Message-----<br>
> From: Bonetools [mailto:<a href="mailto:bonetools-bounces@listserv.niif.hu" moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank">bonetools-bounces@listserv.niif.hu</a>] On<br>
> Behalf Of <a href="mailto:marinaevora@sapo.pt" moz-do-not-send="true" target="_blank">marinaevora@sapo.pt</a><br>
> Sent: 04 July 2014 15:12<br>
> To: Mailing list for archaeologists of the research group for the<br>
> study of object and waste of bone, antler. ivory and horn.<br>
> Subject: [Bonetools] identification of raw material<br>
><br>
><br>
> Dear all,<br>
><br>
> We found this round artifact in an upper paleolithic site. I would<br>
> like to hear your opinions about the identification of the raw<br>
> material. The images were taken with a binocular microscope.<br>
> Thank you.<br>
><br>
><br>
> Marina Évora<br>
><br>
> Please consider the impact on the environment before printing this message.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Marina Évora<br>
<br>
Please consider the impact on the environment before printing this message.<br>
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<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<div>Amy V. Margaris <br>
Assistant Professor of Anthropology<br>
Oberlin College<br>
<br>
Spring 2014 Office Hours:<br>
MWF 3:30-4:30 and by appointment</div>
</div>
King 302<br>
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</blockquote>
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<br>
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<br>
--<br>
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<div>Amy V. Margaris <br>
Assistant Professor of Anthropology<br>
Oberlin College<br>
<br>
Spring 2014 Office Hours:<br>
MWF 3:30-4:30 and by appointment</div>
</div>
King 302<br>
<div>
<div><br>
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<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">
--
François POPLIN
Directeur honoraire de l?UMR 7209 Archéozoologie, Archébotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements
Responsable du Séminaire d'Anthropozoologie
Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle
CP 56
Ancien Laboratoire d?Anatomie comparée
55, rue de Buffon
75005 Paris
01 40 79 33 11
fax ------ 33 14
francoispoplin.blogspot.com
</pre></blockquote>
<p><br>
<br></p>
<p> </p>
<div class="impComposeSignature"><br>
Marina Évora<br>
<br>
<b style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px;"><span style="font-family: Webdings; color: green;">P</span></b><b style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px;"><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> </span></b><b style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px;"><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif; color: green;">Please consider the impact on the environment before printing this </span></b><b style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 14.399999618530273px;"><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif; color: green;">message.</span></b></div>
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