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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Dear all,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> I write on behalf of Arturo Morales who is presently trying to address on three Spanish sites how to set apart ?fossils?, meaning faunas dating from long before an archaeological occupation, from those essentially contemporaneous with it. The problem is not just one of how to define a fossil (not that easy, or so it seems) but also what kinds of criteria can one use to set apart ?modern? from ?old? in different groups, vertebrates and mollusks in particular. This is critical when dealing with specimens from species which are still alive (mollusks and shark teeth from coastal sites close to paleontological outcrops are a case in point).</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> Does anyone know papers specifying such differences? Or papers that would provide protocols one needs to apply to the specimens to set apart fossil from ?modern??</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> We would also be grateful if people could point out regional reviews on fossils from conventional archaeofaunal assemblages especially from Europe <b>OTHER</b> than the ones cited below.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;background:white"><span lang="FR"> Greetings,</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;background:white"><span lang="FR">Laura</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">REFERENCES</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt;line-height:150%;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB">Banerjee A., López Padilla J.A., Schuhmacher T.X. (eds.)</span> (2012), <i>Elfenbeinstudie</i>n, Faszikel 1<i>. Marfil y elefantes en la Península Ibérica y el Mediterráneo occ</i>idental. Iberia Archaeologica. Band 16. Faszikel 1.Verlag Philipp von Zabern</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt;line-height:150%;background:white;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span lang="EN-GB">Bosinski, G., 1975. <i>Ein fossiler Haifischzahn vom Magdalenien-Fundplatz Gönnersdorf</i>.</span> <span lang="DE">Heimat-Jahrbuch des Landkreises Neuwied, pp. 47-48.</span></p>
<p class="Textosinformato1" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt;line-height:150%;background:white;text-autospace:ideograph-numeric"><span lang="DE" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Bosinski, G., 1981. <i>Gönnersdorf. Eiszeitjäger am Mittelrhein</i>. Führer zur Sonderausstellung des Landesmuseums Koblenz 1981, in: Schriftenreihe der Bezirksregierung Koblenz, Band 2.</span></p>
<p class="Textosinformato1" style="margin-left:11.9pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-11.9pt;line-height:150%;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">Chase, P.G. & Dibble H. (1987) Middle Paleolithic Symbolism: A Review of Current. Evidence and Interpretations<i>.</i></span> <i><span style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif""><a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02784165"><span style="text-decoration:none">Journal of Anthropological Archaeology</span></a> <a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/02784165/6/3"><span style="text-decoration:none">6/3</span></a></span></i><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">:</span></i> <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;line-heigh
t:150%;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"">263?296</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt;line-height:150%;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB">Eriksen, B.V., 2002. Fossil Mollusks and Exotic Raw Materials in Late Glacial and Early Postglacial Find Contexts: A Complement to Lithic Studies Eriksen, <span style="color:black">in: Fisher, L.E., Eriksen, B.V. (Eds.), <i>Lithic raw material economy in late glacial and early postglacial western Europe</i>. British Archaeological Reports S1093, Oxford, pp. 27-52.</span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt;line-height:150%;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB">Gaudzinski, S., Turner, E., Anzidei, A.P., Álvarez, E., Arroyo, J., Cinq-Mars, J., Dobosi, V.T., Hannus, A., Johnson, E., Münzel, S.C., Scheer, A., Villa, P., 2005. The use of Prosbocidean remains in every-day Palaeolithic life.</span> <i><span lang="FR">Quat. Int.</span></i> <span lang="FR">126-128, 179-184.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt;line-height:150%;background:white"><span lang="FR">Goren-Inbar, N.; Lewy, Z.; Kislev, M.E. (1991)</span> <span lang="EN-US">The taphonomy of a bead-like fossil from the Acheulian of Gesher Benot Ya?aqov, Israel. <i>Rock Art Research</i> 8(2): 83?87.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt;line-height:150%;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB">Mayor, A. (2010) The First fossil hunters. Dinousars, Mammoths, and Myth in the Greek and Roman World: Tracing the History of Human Curiosity about Fossils. Princenton University Press.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt;line-height:150%;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB">Oakley 1975. <i>Decorative and symbolic uses of vertebrate fossils</i>. Occasional Papers on Technology nº 12. Oxford, Pitt Rivers Museum.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt;line-height:150%;background:white"><span lang="EN-GB">Oakley K.P. (1979) Fossil coral artifacts from Niah Cave. <i>Asian Perspective</i>, vol. 20(1): 69-74.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:14.2pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-14.2pt;line-height:150%;background:white"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height:150%">Solounias N. & Mayor, A. (2004) ?Ancient references to the fossils from the land of Pythagoras?.</span> <i><span style="line-height:150%">Earth Sciences History</span></i> <span style="line-height:150%">23(2): 283-296.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:18.0pt;text-align:justify;text-indent:-18.0pt;line-height:150%;background:white"><span lang="FR">Taborin, Y., 1993. <i>La parure en coquillages au Paléolithique</i>. XXIXe Suppl. Gallia Prehist. CNRS, Paris</span></p>
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