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<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt">April,
23rd<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt">When
I wrote these lines
(01/04/2013) :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><i><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt">The
cord is pulled towards
6 h. If it were attached with a knot around the bit, it would
pull the bit
directly and entirely in that direction. As the action is
tangential (which
gives the rotating movement), this pulling towards 6 is only
partial, and the
turning action gives a certain pulling effect towards the left
; the resultant
being a pulling towards "down left on the watch", let us say
towards
7 h for example. That drifft/lee-way will ovalize in that way
the bit housing,</span></i><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt">I
had <i>a priori</i> in
mind the action/pressure of the rope on the quarter 0 - 3 hours.
Experimentation
has shown since (I don't remember when I sent this) a force
rather towards 5 h (considered form the top, which
is<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>just the contrary of
underneath the
bit-cover). That shows the resultant of pressures
extending/developping further
than 0 hour, on the preceeding hours ("piezzocentre" is about at
11
hours), eventually "all around the clock", even on several
loopings -
one has to think to what occurs when we want to brake a rope by
coiling it
around a tree. The mechanical problem becomes a friction one,
and the
experimenting has to be extended to different adherences (by
rubing the rope on
colophan for a better adherence for instance or, to the
contrary, on paraffin
or soap). [Should be considered too another variable : the
diameter of the
bobbin (coil ? reel ? etc.) on which the cord acts.]<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt">Leaving
the bones for a
while, I would like to draw attention to the
shift/deflection(/deflexion)/drift
when boring/drilling long channels, such as in a stone crocodile
of a fontain
in <i>villa hadriana</i> I had to comment. The boring for a
lead pipe was
clearly done with sand and reed (which, being flexible, is
appropriate, as in
modern oil drillings). In order to avoid the shifting, one has
to prevent the
rubbing, therefore not to leave the drilling/rotating ax free,
but to maintain
it with some guide - possibly made of bone, even of a
metapodial, which will
wear the wear - and I come back here to an insolved problem
which has been
presented some months ago by a british colleague ; Christian
Küchelmann, could
you get it back out of your archives ? Maybe it will dry tears
with wear.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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-------- Message original --------
<table class="moz-email-headers-table" border="0" cellpadding="0"
cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th align="RIGHT" nowrap="nowrap" valign="BASELINE">Sujet: </th>
<td>A thing of beauty is a joy or fever</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="RIGHT" nowrap="nowrap" valign="BASELINE">Date : </th>
<td>Mon, 01 Apr 2013 12:03:15 +0200</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="RIGHT" nowrap="nowrap" valign="BASELINE">De : </th>
<td>François Poplin <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:poplin@mnhn.fr"><poplin@mnhn.fr></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th align="RIGHT" nowrap="nowrap" valign="BASELINE">Pour : </th>
<td>Mailing list for archaeologists of the research group for
the study of object and waste of bone, antler. ivory and
horn. <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:bonetools@listserv.niif.hu"><bonetools@listserv.niif.hu></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt"><o:p></o:p></span>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt">Preliminarily :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt">cord, rope, string ? I'll use
<i>cord</i> because of the vicinity with both french <i>corde</i>
and spanish <i>cordon</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt">auger, bit, drill, trepan ?
I'll use <i>bit</i> because I need to point/specify the
metallic rotating and active part/piece/axis/axle biting into
the material (spanish <i>broca</i>).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt">And now :<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt">suppose you are going to
drill a hole, with the bit put on the material in left hand. The
right hand coils up the cord clockwise, so as it is
tangent/tangential at 3 h. You cover the bit with left hand and
pull the cord. The drill turns clockwise. If you want to protect
your left hand, you put a "bit-cap"/"bit-cover", and if you have
to act in force, you call a second pair of man's hands grasping
a cross-rung/cross-beam as bit-cap (1), giving a double handle
as on a pneumatic tool/drill ; so as to "take the bull by the
horns" (fr. tenir le taureau par les cornes, spanish : <I
would like to know>).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt">The cord is pulled towards 6
h. If it were attached with a knot around the bit, it would pull
the bit directly and entirely in that direction. As the action
is tangential (which gives the rotating movement), this pulling
towards 6 is only partial, and the turning action gives a
certain pulling effect towards the left ; the resultant being a
pulling towards "down left on the watch", let us say towards 7 h
for example. That drifft/lee-way will ovalize in that way the
bit housing - and now, you print and see trough from the back
the page 89 of the paper send by Simon Davis, and you get it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt">You have it elementarily with
the distal hole fig. 36, and it goes on with the intermediate,
where a symmetric effect brings the complement : that bone is
technically reversible, both ends being roughly interchangeable
in form. It was used equally with distal part or proximal part
on the left, and when you turn the page upset down, the figure
of holes does not change. (2)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt">When you have to cover the
bit quickly (this work is long and time is money), it is useful
to have not only a single hole/housing, but rather several, not
to have to grope too much ; and to have not to choose "distal or
proximal". With a certain acquaintance of the tool, you find
your marks, and no matter the orientation of bone itself, the
pertinent/relevan being to have it with a symmetric/reversible
arrangement/adjustment. And the most visited and ovalized holes
will be the closest to the grasping (left) hand, on the left,
with the result that were (more) solicited distal and
intermediate holes of the bone when grasped by distal end, and
proximal and intermediate holes when grasped by the proximal
end.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt">Or you prefer a single hole,
and you get fig. 37, where the reversibilty distal/proximal
gives thes same (cumulative) image than on the intermediate hole
of fig. 36.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt">I that conception, either the
cord was recoiled each time, or the left part of the cord left
in the left hand was used for return back the cord for a new
action clockwise. And we get here in touch with a considerable
point of technical progress/history of technics : nowadays, all
our bits are clockwise acting/working (or : would it be the
contrary elsewere, as for car driving ?). Maybe theses bones
show the invention/revolution of the "one way drilling" - at a
time before brace, and waiting for it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt">It would be for me the third
occurrence of "bone<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>bearing
witness
for iron".<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt">(1) with a
seating/housing/recess/socket for the head/upper end of the bit
; I did not want to make my sentence heavier.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt">(2) This may be surprising.
But listen and watch : when you have a cord/rope/string with a
certain twisting (S, for example, which is contrary of Z
twisting), and when you make a looping/bight/hair pin with it,
the two parallel parts show the same twisting.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
mso-line-height-alt:12.0pt;mso-hyphenate:none"><span
style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:"Times New
Roman";letter-spacing:-.15pt">Paris, the first of April
2013.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
François POPLIN
Directeur honoraire de l’UMR 7209 Archéozoologie, Archébotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements
Responsable du Séminaire d'Anthropozoologie
Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle
CP 56
Ancien Laboratoire d’Anatomie comparée
55, rue de Buffon
75005 Paris
01 40 79 33 11
fax ------ 33 14
francoispoplin.blogspot.com
</pre>
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