Hello everyone, <br><br>I think Benjamin should organize a round table dedicated to the use of astragals in prehistoric Europe, as it seems they occur everywhere with endless variety in modes of use. <br><br>Here is my contribution to the topic, astragals from two sites in Serbia. Those labeled <i>dvs</i> are from Divostin, central Serbia, Vinča culture (Late Neolithic / Early Aeneolithic) and those labeled <i>bb</i> are from Bubanj, eastern Serbia, Bubanj culture (Aeneolithic). <br>
My hypothesis is that both types were used on soft, organic materials, as polish is very intense. I would expect more regular, deeper lines and incisions if they have been used on pottery. Oh, yes, those from Divostin are sheep astragals, and from Bubanj one is from red deer, the other from pig. <br>
<br>Otherwise, Benjamin, I am really looking forward to see results of your experiments, hope they will be sucessful. <br><br>best regards, selena <br><br><br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On 27 July 2011 12:11, MARQUEBIELLE Benjamin <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a href="mailto:benjamin.marquebielle@yahoo.fr">benjamin.marquebielle@yahoo.fr</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-left: 1ex;"><div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Cher monsieur Poplin.<br>
Je n&#39;ai pas le détail du travail du bronze sur le site, mais s&#39;il est une activité artisanale bien représentée, c&#39;est bien la métallurgie. Voila pourquoi nous tenons tant à expérimenter le travail de ce matériau. Nous serions bien sur très intéressé par vos écrits ! J&#39;ai transmis votre mail à Mlle Nadia Cavanhié, archéozoologue en charge de l&#39;étude de ce matériel, qui saura mieux que moi répondre à vos questions.<br>
Bien à vous<br><br>Dear M. Poplin<br>I have no precise idea about the bronze working on the site, but metal industry is a very frequent crafting activity. That&#39;s why we&#39;re wanting so much experiment the work of this material with phalanges. We are so very interested about your papers! <br>
I passed on your e-mail to Miss Nadia Cavanhié,
 zooarchaeologist who studying this material. She will know better that I to answer your questions.<div class="im"><br>Best regards<br><br><span style="font-weight: bold;">Marquebielle Benjamin</span><br>
        PhD student TRACES laboratory - UMR 5608<br>5, rue du pont Guilheméry<br>31000 Toulouse<br>tel : 06 71 33 61 52<br>e-mail : <a href="mailto:benjamin.marquebielle@yahoo.fr" target="_blank">benjamin.marquebielle@yahoo.fr</a><br>
<div><br></div></div><div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br><div style="font-family: times new roman,new york,times,serif; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Tahoma" size="2"><hr size="1"><div class="im">
<b><span style="font-weight: bold;">De :</span></b> François Poplin &lt;<a href="mailto:poplin@mnhn.fr" target="_blank">poplin@mnhn.fr</a>&gt;<br></div><div class="im"><b><span style="font-weight: bold;">À :</span></b> &quot;Mailing list for archaeologists of the research group for the study of object and waste of bone, antler. ivory and horn.&quot; &lt;<a href="mailto:bonetools@listserv.niif.hu" target="_blank">bonetools@listserv.niif.hu</a>&gt;<br>
</div><b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Envoyé le :</span></b> Mer 27 juillet 2011, 11h 04min 52s<br><b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Objet :</span></b> Re: [Bonetools] Re :  Re :  Re : Re : Re : protohistoric object<br>
</font><div><div></div><div class="h5"><br>
  

    
  
  
    Cher Monsieur,<br>
    <br>
    je vois que cela commence à parler de métal. Je voulais justement
    vous demander ce que vous avez comme objets de bronze ; avez-vous
    des bandeaux fins, par exemple ? des lames ? Et avez-vous des signes
    manifestes du travail du bronze (scories, etc.) ?<br>
    <br>
    D&#39;autre part combien avez-vous de ces phalanges ? et des deux
    sortes, c&#39;est-à-dire combien de la &quot;gauche&quot; et combien de la
    &quot;droite&quot; du plan de symétrie du pied ? et en avez-vous trouvé à
    l&#39;état groupé ?<br>
    <br>
    J&#39;ai écrit sur le fourbissages des métaux - je peux vous envoyer
    cela par la poste ; à quelle adresse ?<br>
    <br>
    Bien à vous.<br>
    <br>
    <br>
    <br>
    Le 27/07/2011 10:46, MARQUEBIELLE Benjamin a écrit :
    <blockquote type="cite">
      
      <div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Thank
        you Jackie, very interesting experiments ! I&#39;ll send you the
        results of our metal experiment. I agree with you about the
        hight possibilities of using these kind of pieces like tool and
        not only like gaming pieces !<br>
        About the Ethan hypothesis (<span><font face="Arial" size="2">smoothing and burnishing plaster on
            walls), why not, but the phalanges are small (some come from
            young animals) and some of them present a very small active
            part... Maybe a very precise work ? </font></span><span><font face="Arial" size="2">And
            about grinding small amounts of delicate materials like
            spices, pigments or medicines, there isn&#39;t a lot of
            indications in favour of these hypothesis. There&#39;s no traces
            (micro or macroscopic) of pigments (and the conservation of
            some objetcs is quite good) and all the objects present same
            oblique striations, all in the same direction.<br>
            <br>
            Thanks for all these ideas and hypothesis !<br>
          </font></span>
        <div> </div>
        <span style="font-weight: bold;">Marquebielle Benjamin</span><br>
        PhD student TRACES laboratory - UMR 5608<br>
        5, rue du pont Guilheméry<br>
        31000 Toulouse<br>
        tel : 06 71 33 61 52<br>
        e-mail : <a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:benjamin.marquebielle@yahoo.fr" target="_blank">benjamin.marquebielle@yahoo.fr</a><br>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;"><br>
          <div style="font-family: times new roman,new york,times,serif; font-size: 12pt;"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">
              <hr size="1"><b><span style="font-weight: bold;">De :</span></b>
              Etan Ayalon <a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:etana@eretzmuseum.org.il" target="_blank">&lt;etana@eretzmuseum.org.il&gt;</a><br>
              <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">À :</span></b>
              &quot;Mailing list for archaeologists of the research group for
              thestudy of object and waste of bone, antler. ivory and
              horn.&quot; <a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:bonetools@listserv.niif.hu" target="_blank">&lt;bonetools@listserv.niif.hu&gt;</a><br>
              <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Envoyé le :</span></b>
              Dim 24 juillet 2011, 8h 06min 43s<br>
              <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Objet :</span></b> Re:
              [Bonetools] Re : Re : Re : Re : protohistoric object<br>
            </font><br>
            
            <div dir="ltr" align="left"><span><font face="Arial" size="2">Dear all,</font></span></div>
            <div dir="ltr" align="left"><span><font face="Arial" size="2">Another possibility of using
                  straight sided phalanges on wet material without
                  bothering on the problem of the rounded shape of
                  pottery vessels: smoothing and burnishing plaster on
                  walls! This was done on walls of dwelling houses as
                  well as of installations (i.e., connected with
                  liquids), on lime-white plaster as well as on
                  muddy-brown plaster, etc. We are all aware of the
                  beautiful photos from Africa showing women coating
                  their houses with mud and colors and burnishing them.</font></span></div>
            <div dir="ltr" align="left"><span></span> </div>
            <div dir="ltr" align="left"><span><font face="Arial" size="2">And how about grinding small
                  amounts of delicate materials like spices, pigments,
                  medicines etc.?</font></span></div>
            <div dir="ltr" align="left"><span><font face="Arial" size="2">Etan Ayalon</font></span></div>
            <br>
            <div dir="rtl" align="right" lang="he">
              <hr>
              <font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b>From:</b>
                <a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:bonetools-bounces@listserv.niif.hu" target="_blank">bonetools-bounces@listserv.niif.hu</a>
                [<a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:bonetools-bounces@listserv.niif.hu" target="_blank">mailto:bonetools-bounces@listserv.niif.hu</a>] <b>On
                  Behalf Of </b>MARQUEBIELLE Benjamin<br>
                <b>Sent:</b> Saturday, July 23, 2011 3:03 PM<br>
                <b>To:</b> Mailing list for archaeologists of the
                research group for the study ofobject and waste of
                bone,antler. ivory and horn.<br>
                <b>Subject:</b> [Bonetools] Re : Re : Re : Re :
                protohistoric object<br>
              </font><br>
            </div>
            <div style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Hello Jackie, hello Alice<br>
              <br>
              Wonderful ! Thank you for the contact, Alice, and, yes, I
              would like some photos of phalanges from Szazhalombatta
              please, to compare with my objects. Jackie, this is very
              interesting and, please, I would like also a copy of your
              article and poster, of course. <br>
              We tought these objects could be ceramic smoothers because
              of the oblique striations of the straight face, and the
              lack of characteristic traces of hide or leather working
              (or other smooth raw material), with very bright polish.
              The result of alternative smooth of inside and outside
              pots is interesting ! We thought also to experiment the
              work of metal with a smith and use these objects like
              smoothers or during quenching and tempering phase of blade
              production. I&#39;ll could share the results of this
              experiment, as Eva said in a previous message.<br>
              Thank you for all these informations !<br>
              <br>
              All the best<br>
              <div> </div>
              <span style="font-weight: bold;">Marquebielle Benjamin</span><br>
              PhD student TRACES laboratory - UMR 5608<br>
              5, rue du pont Guilheméry<br>
              31000 Toulouse<br>
              tel : 06 71 33 61 52<br>
              e-mail : <a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:benjamin.marquebielle@yahoo.fr" target="_blank">benjamin.marquebielle@yahoo.fr</a><br>
              <div><br>
              </div>
              <div style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><br>
                <div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: times new roman,new york,times,serif;"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">
                    <hr size="1">
                    <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">De :</span></b>
                    jacqueline meier
                    <a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:jacqueline.s.meier@gmail.com" target="_blank">&lt;jacqueline.s.meier@gmail.com&gt;</a><br>
                    <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">À :</span></b>
                    Alice Choyke <a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:h13017cho@iif.hu" target="_blank">&lt;h13017cho@iif.hu&gt;</a><br>
                    <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Cc :</span></b>
                    &quot;Mailing list for archaeologists of the research
                    group for the study of object and waste of bone,
                    antler. ivory and horn.&quot;
                    <a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:bonetools@listserv.niif.hu" target="_blank">&lt;bonetools@listserv.niif.hu&gt;</a><br>
                    <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Envoyé le :</span></b>
                    Ven 22 juillet 2011, 21h 37min 40s<br>
                    <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Objet :</span></b>
                    Re: [Bonetools] Re : Re : Re : protohistoric object<br>
                  </font><br>
                  <div dir="ltr"><font face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">Hello,</font>
                    <div><font face="arial,
                        helvetica, sans-serif"><br>
                      </font></div>
                    <div><font face="arial,
                        helvetica, sans-serif">Alice Choyke forwarded me
                        this thread. At the last ICAZ meeting, I
                        presented a poster on an experiment that
                        investigated some astragali artifacts that I
                        studied for my Master&#39;s thesis, thanks to Alice.
                        I tried using astragali to work wet and dry clay
                        and hide and compared the resulting macro and
                        microwear to wear on flattened astragali
                        artifacts from </font><font face="arial, helvetica,
                        sans-serif"><span><span style="color: black; line-height: 115%;">the
                            Middle Bronze Age sites of
                            Zagyvapálfalva-Homokbanya and
                            Kisterenye-Hársas in Hungary. If my results
                            would be of interest to anyone, please email
                            me and I will send you a copy of the poster
                            and my submitted article for the ICAZ
                            volume. </span></span></font></div>
                    <div><font face="arial,
                        helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="line-height: 14px;"><br>
                        </span></font></div>
                    <div><font face="arial,
                        helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="line-height: 14px;">In my study, the
                          lack of contextual information was very
                          limiting, but I made several interesting
                          conclusions about the potential of using
                          unmodified astragali as tools. First, it is
                          very easy to use goat astragali to
                          hand-burnish pottery and they are very
                          effective burnishers. Second, the outermost
                          ridges of the medial and lateral bone sides
                          were ground down to a flat surface after 120
                          minutes of use. Lastly, microwear developed
                          that was very similar to that which was
                          present on the bone artifacts: oblique
                          striations and some micropitting developed. I
                          held the astragali as was indicated by the
                          handling polish on the artifacts and made clay
                          that was comparable to the formula and
                          particle size as clay from the site, thus I am
                          confident in concluding that these flattened
                          astragali were <b>potentially</b> used for
                          burnishing leather-hard ceramic. Again,
                          context limits this conclusion, but the wear
                          was assessed with backscatter imaging and
                          looks very similar.<br>
                        </span></font></div>
                    <div><font face="arial,
                        helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="line-height: 14px;"><br>
                        </span></font></div>
                    <div><font face="arial,
                        helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="line-height: 14px;">Several key points
                          may be relevant to this thread. One is that
                          astragali do not have to be pre-flattened to
                          burnish ceramic. Any sharp or raised areas are
                          quickly removed by the gritty clay. Second, I
                          used astragali to smooth the inside and
                          outside of round pots and the astragali were
                          flattened straight. This was not intentionally
                          done, in fact I did not notice it until
                          compared the profiles of these astragali with
                          those used to experimentally work hide. </span></font></div>
                    <div><font face="arial,
                        helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="line-height: 14px;"><br>
                        </span></font></div>
                    <div><font face="arial,
                        helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="line-height: 14px;">Again, I will send
                          this article and poster to anyone who requests
                          a copy. I look forward to reading about
                          similar experiments with astragali and
                          phalanges.</span></font></div>
                    <div><font face="arial,
                        helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="line-height: 14px;"><br>
                        </span></font></div>
                    <div><font face="arial,
                        helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="line-height: 14px;">All the best,</span></font></div>
                    <div><font face="arial,
                        helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="line-height: 14px;">Jackie Meier</span></font></div>
                    <div><font face="arial,
                        helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="line-height: 14px;"><a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:jacqueline.meier@uconn.edu" target="_blank">jacqueline.meier@uconn.edu</a></span></font></div>
                    <div><font face="arial,
                        helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="line-height: 14px;"><br>
                        </span></font></div>
                    <div><font face="arial,
                        helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="line-height: 14px;"><br>
                        </span></font></div>
                    <div><font face="arial,
                        helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="line-height: 14px;"><br>
                        </span></font></div>
                    <div><font face="arial,
                        helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="line-height: 14px;"><br>
                        </span></font></div>
                    <div><font face="arial,
                        helvetica, sans-serif"><span style="line-height: 14px;"><br>
                        </span></font>
                      <div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Jul 22, 2011 at
                        9:40 PM, Alice Choyke <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:h13017cho@iif.hu" target="_blank">h13017cho@iif.hu</a>&gt;</span>
                        wrote:<br>
                        <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="padding-left: 1ex; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">
                          <div>If you wish I can also send you plentiful
                            photos of phalanges from Szazhalombatta as
                            well. there are many of these objects from
                            the MBA. You should also contact Jacquie
                            Meier (<a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:jacqueline.s.meier@gmail.com%29+who" target="_blank">jacqueline.s.meier@gmail.com)
                              <font color="#000000">who</font></a> did
                            some experiments with these objects.</div>
                          <div> </div>
                          <div>Best,</div>
                          <div>Alice<br>
                            <br>
                          </div>
                          <div class="gmail_quote">On Fri, Jul 22, 2011
                            at 10:35 AM, MARQUEBIELLE Benjamin <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:benjamin.marquebielle@yahoo.fr" target="_blank">benjamin.marquebielle@yahoo.fr</a>&gt;</span>
                            wrote:<br>
                            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="padding-left: 1ex; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">
                              <div>
                                <div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: times new roman,new york,times,serif;">Hello
                                  Selena, hello Alice<br>
                                  <br>
                                  Marianne Christensen send to me your
                                  article, Alice, about
                                  Jászdózsa–Kápolnahalom and there is
                                  photo with worked phalanges. We&#39;ll
                                  begin experiments in August, with
                                  potter and smith, maybe they&#39;ll bring
                                  some indications... One of the problem
                                  of my object is the context is
                                  unclear, most of them was found in
                                  wells full of rubbish.<br>
                                  Thanks for the abstract reference,
                                  Selena, I&#39;ll contact the author !<br>
                                  <br>
                                  Best
                                  <div><br>
                                    <div> </div>
                                    <span style="font-weight: bold;">Marquebielle
                                      Benjamin</span><br>
                                    PhD student TRACES laboratory - UMR
                                    5608<br>
                                    5, rue du pont Guilheméry<br>
                                    31000 Toulouse<br>
                                    tel : 06 71 33 61 52<br>
                                    e-mail : <a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:benjamin.marquebielle@yahoo.fr" target="_blank">benjamin.marquebielle@yahoo.fr</a><br>
                                    <div><br>
                                    </div>
                                  </div>
                                  <div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: times new roman,new york,times,serif;"><br>
                                    <div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: times new roman,new york,times,serif;"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">
                                        <hr size="1"> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">De
                                            :</span></b> Alice Choyke
                                        &lt;<a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:h13017cho@iif.hu" target="_blank">h13017cho@iif.hu</a>&gt;<br>
                                        <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">À
                                            :</span></b> &quot;Mailing list
                                        for archaeologists of the
                                        research group for the study of
                                        object and waste of bone,
                                        antler. ivory and horn.&quot; &lt;<a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:bonetools@listserv.niif.hu" target="_blank">bonetools@listserv.niif.hu</a>&gt;<br>
                                        <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Envoyé
                                            le :</span></b> Ven 22
                                        juillet 2011, 10h 17min 18s<br>
                                        <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Objet :</span></b>
                                        Re: [Bonetools] Re : Re :
                                        protohistoric object<br>
                                      </font>
                                      <div><br>
                                        <div>Unless the clay surfaces
                                          being smoothed are straight
                                          such as the wall of an oven: I
                                          have been struggling with the
                                          exact same problem for
                                          astragalii and phalanges of
                                          all kinds, especially from the
                                          Middle Bronze Age of Hungary
                                          and am not much smarter than I
                                          began... Multiple hypotheses
                                          need to be tried out again and
                                          and again because sadly there
                                          will not be one right answer
                                          to this problem. It is
                                          definitely context driven.</div>
                                        <div> </div>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>Alice <br>
                                        <br>
                                        <font face="Tahoma" size="2"><b><span style="font-weight: bold;">De
                                              :</span></b> Selena
                                          Vitezovic &lt;<a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:selenavitezovic@gmail.com" target="_blank">selenavitezovic@gmail.com</a>&gt;<br>
                                          <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">À
                                              :</span></b> &quot;Mailing list
                                          for archaeologists of the
                                          research group for the study
                                          of object and waste of bone,
                                          antler. ivory and horn.&quot; &lt;<a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:bonetools@listserv.niif.hu" target="_blank">bonetools@listserv.niif.hu</a>&gt;<br>
                                          <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Envoyé
                                              le :</span></b> Sam 2
                                          juillet 2011, 19h 10min 35s
                                          <div><br>
                                            <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Objet :</span></b>
                                            Re: [Bonetools] Re :
                                            protohistoric object<br>
                                          </div>
                                        </font>
                                        <div><br>
                                          Hello everyone, <br>
                                          Hello, Benjamin, <br>
                                          <br>
                                          Perhaps a little bit out of
                                          time and place - but last year
                                          at ICAZ conference I saw a
                                          poster on astragals from
                                          Bronze age Hungary with
                                          similar usewear pattern, used
                                          probably for clay working. <br>
                                          This is the link for the
                                          abstract, perhaps photos may
                                          be found or asked from author.
                                          <br>
                                          <a rel="nofollow" href="http://alexandriaarchive.org/bonecommons/items/show/1383" target="_blank">http://alexandriaarchive.org/bonecommons/items/show/1383</a>
                                          <br>
                                          <br>
                                          And I agree with Marloes, they
                                          must have been flattened
                                          before use. Some other used
                                          astragals, from Balkan
                                          Neolithic and Chalcolithic,
                                          seemed to have been flattened
                                          before use (probably with
                                          sandstone) - although they
                                          were most likely used on soft,
                                          organic materials, since they
                                          have intense polish. <br>
                                          <br>
                                          best, selena <br>
                                          <br>
                                        </div>
                                      </div>
                                      <div>
                                        <div>
                                          <div class="gmail_quote">On
                                            Fri, Jul 22, 2011 at 9:51
                                            AM, MARQUEBIELLE Benjamin <span dir="ltr">&lt;<a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:ivrel001@yahoo.fr" target="_blank">ivrel001@yahoo.fr</a>&gt;</span>
                                            wrote:<br>
                                            <blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="padding-left: 1ex; margin: 0px 0px 0px 0.8ex; border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204);">
                                              <div>
                                                <div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: times new roman,new york,times,serif;">Hello
                                                  Marloes, sorry for the
                                                  delay, I traveled.<br>
                                                  Good remark...
                                                  Phalanges internal
                                                  side are flat but not
                                                  so flat. I agree with
                                                  you : the (possible)
                                                  worked surface must be
                                                  straight and a pottery
                                                  generaly isn&#39;t.<br>
                                                  <br>
                                                  Best<br>
                                                  Benjamin
                                                  <div><br>
                                                    <div> </div>
                                                    <span style="font-weight: bold;">Marquebielle
                                                      Benjamin</span><br>
                                                    PhD student TRACES
                                                    laboratory - UMR
                                                    5608<br>
                                                    5, rue du pont
                                                    Guilheméry<br>
                                                    31000 Toulouse<br>
                                                    tel : 06 71 33 61 52<br>
                                                    e-mail : <a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:benjamin.marquebielle@yahoo.fr" target="_blank">benjamin.marquebielle@yahoo.fr</a><br>
                                                    <div><br>
                                                    </div>
                                                  </div>
                                                  <div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: times new roman,new york,times,serif;"><br>
                                                    <div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: times new roman,new york,times,serif;"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">
                                                        <hr size="1"> <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">De :</span></b> Marloes Rijkelijkhuizen &lt;<a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:marloesrijkelijkhuizen@hotmail.com" target="_blank">marloesrijkelijkhuizen@hotmail.com</a>&gt;

                                                        <div><br>
                                                          <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">À
                                                          :</span></b> <a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:bonetools@listserv.niif.hu" target="_blank">bonetools@listserv.niif.hu</a><br>
                                                        </div>
                                                        <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Envoyé
                                                          le :</span></b>
                                                        Ven 1 juillet
                                                        2011, 21h 02min
                                                        49s
                                                        <div><br>
                                                          <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Objet :</span></b>
                                                          Re:
                                                          [Bonetools] Re
                                                          :
                                                          protohistoric
                                                          object<br>
                                                        </div>
                                                      </font>
                                                      <div>
                                                        <div><br>
                                                          <div dir="ltr">Hi
                                                          Benjamin<br>
                                                           <br>
                                                          I couldn&#39;t see
                                                          if it was
                                                          flattened
                                                          (before use).
                                                          <br>
                                                           <br>
                                                          If used, it
                                                          should be used
                                                          for/on
                                                          something with
                                                          a flat
                                                          surface, the
                                                          surface is
                                                          completely
                                                          flat. (compare
                                                          the medieval
                                                          skates, these
                                                          were used on
                                                          ice and have a
                                                          flat surface,
                                                          but were
                                                          sometimes
                                                          flattened
                                                          before use).
                                                          If used for
                                                          pottery the
                                                          surface
                                                          wouldn&#39;t be
                                                          straight.<br>
                                                           <br>
                                                          Best, Marloes<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                           <br>
                                                          <div>
                                                          <hr> Date:
                                                          Fri, 1 Jul
                                                          2011 12:35:47
                                                          +0100<br>
                                                          From: <a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:benjamin.marquebielle@yahoo.fr" target="_blank">benjamin.marquebielle@yahoo.fr</a><br>
                                                          To: <a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:bonetools@listserv.niif.hu" target="_blank">bonetools@listserv.niif.hu</a><br>
                                                          Subject:
                                                          [Bonetools] Re
                                                          :
                                                          protohistoric
                                                          object<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          <div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: times new roman,new york,times,serif;">No, it
                                                          isn&#39;t.<br>
                                                          I send photo
                                                          of another
                                                          object where
                                                          you can see
                                                          more precisely
                                                          the traces.
                                                          Use wear area
                                                          is the result
                                                          of the
                                                          use/exploitation
                                                          of the flatest
                                                          face of the
                                                          phalanx, maybe
                                                          with a kind of
                                                          abrasion
                                                          technique...
                                                          The mophologic
                                                          modification
                                                          of the bone
                                                          could be
                                                          various but
                                                          never very
                                                          important.<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          Non, il ne
                                                          s&#39;agit pas de
                                                          sciage. <br>
                                                          Je joins une
                                                          photo d&#39;un
                                                          autre objet
                                                          sur laquelle
                                                          on voit plus
                                                          précisément
                                                          les stigmates.
                                                          La zone
                                                          d&#39;usure est le
                                                          résultat de
                                                          l&#39;utilisation
                                                          ou de
                                                          l&#39;exploitation
                                                          de la face la
                                                          plus plate de
                                                          la phalange,
                                                          peut être en
                                                          utilisant une
                                                          technique
                                                          d&#39;abrasion...
                                                          Ce degré
                                                          d&#39;usure peut
                                                          varier mais il
                                                          n&#39;est jamais
                                                          très
                                                          important.<br>
                                                          <div> </div>
                                                          <span style="font-weight: bold;">Marquebielle
                                                          Benjamin</span><br>
                                                          PhD student
                                                          TRACES
                                                          laboratory -
                                                          UMR 5608<br>
                                                          5, rue du pont
                                                          Guilheméry<br>
                                                          31000 Toulouse<br>
                                                          tel : 06 71 33
                                                          61 52<br>
                                                          e-mail : <a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:benjamin.marquebielle@yahoo.fr" target="_blank">benjamin.marquebielle@yahoo.fr</a><br>
                                                          <div><br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: times new roman,new york,times,serif;"><br>
                                                          <div style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: times new roman,new york,times,serif;"><font face="Tahoma" size="2">
                                                          <hr size="1">
                                                          <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">De
                                                          :</span></b>
                                                          François
                                                          Poplin &lt;<a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:poplin@mnhn.fr" target="_blank">poplin@mnhn.fr</a>&gt;<br>
                                                          <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">À
                                                          :</span></b> <a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:bonetools@listserv.niif.hu" target="_blank">bonetools@listserv.niif.hu</a><br>
                                                          <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Envoyé
                                                          le :</span></b>
                                                          Ven 1 juillet
                                                          2011, 12h
                                                          20min 16s<br>
                                                          <b><span style="font-weight: bold;">Objet :</span></b>
                                                          Re:
                                                          [Bonetools]
                                                          protohistoric
                                                          object<br>
                                                          </font><br>
                                                          Est-il sûr
                                                          qu&#39;il ne
                                                          s&#39;agit pas
                                                          d&#39;un sciage ?<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          Would not be
                                                          sawing traces
                                                          ?<br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          Le 01/07/2011
                                                          11:00,
                                                          MARQUEBIELLE
                                                          Benjamin a
                                                          écrit :
                                                          <blockquote>
                                                          <div style="font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: times new roman,new york,times,serif;">Hello
                                                          !<br>
                                                          Does anybody
                                                          have an idea
                                                          about the type
                                                          or function of
                                                          this object ?
                                                          It&#39;s an young
                                                          <span style="text-decoration: underline;">pig
                                                          phalanx</span>,
                                                          with <span style="text-decoration: underline;">use
                                                          wear traces on
                                                          the internal
                                                          face</span>,
                                                          covered by
                                                          oblique
                                                          striations. It
                                                          comes from
                                                          large <span style="text-decoration: underline;">protohistoric
                                                          site</span>
                                                          (possible
                                                          marketplace)
                                                          of Toulouse,
                                                          in the south
                                                          of France
                                                          (II-I° century
                                                          BC). About 20
                                                          objects was
                                                          found, a
                                                          majority made
                                                          of pig
                                                          phalanxes
                                                          (young or not)
                                                          and only two
                                                          made of bovid
                                                          pahlanxes. Use
                                                          wear is always
                                                          located on the
                                                          same face,
                                                          with different
                                                          use degree and
                                                          some objetcs
                                                          are <span style="text-decoration: underline;">perforated
                                                          on the
                                                          proximal face</span>.
                                                          We thought
                                                          about a kind
                                                          of <span style="text-decoration: underline;">smoother
                                                          </span>(in
                                                          relation with
                                                          potery ? metal
                                                          ?) but objects
                                                          are realy
                                                          small and
                                                          found in
                                                          various
                                                          contexts (more
                                                          often in <span style="text-decoration: underline;">wells</span> full of rubbish).<br>
                                                          Thanks a lot
                                                          and best
                                                          regards<br>
                                                          <div> </div>
                                                          <span style="font-weight: bold;">Marquebielle
                                                          Benjamin</span><br>
                                                          PhD student
                                                          TRACES
                                                          laboratory -
                                                          UMR 5608<br>
                                                          5, rue du pont
                                                          Guilheméry<br>
                                                          31000 Toulouse<br>
                                                          tel : 06 71 33
                                                          61 52<br>
                                                          e-mail : <a rel="nofollow" href="mailto:benjamin.marquebielle@yahoo.fr" target="_blank">benjamin.marquebielle@yahoo.fr</a><br>
                                                          <div><br>
                                                          </div>
                                                          </div>
                                                          <pre><fieldset></fieldset>
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</pre>
                                                          </blockquote>
                                                          <br>
                                                          <br>
                                                          <pre>-- 
François POPLIN

Directeur honoraire de l’UMR 7209 Archéozoologie, Archébotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements

Responsable du Séminaire d&#39;Anthropozoologie

Muséum national d&#39;Histoire naturelle
CP 56
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55, rue de Buffon
75005 Paris
01 40 79 33 11
fax ------ 33 14

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</pre>
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                                              <br>
                                            </blockquote>
                                          </div>
                                          <br>
                                        </div>
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                            </blockquote>
                          </div>
                          <br>
                        </blockquote>
                      </div>
                      <br>
                      <br clear="all">
                      <br>
                      -- <br>
                      Jacqueline S. Meier, MSc<br>
                      Department of Anthropology<br>
                      Unit 2176, 354 Mansfield Road<br>
                      University of Connecticut<br>
                      Storrs, CT   06269<br>
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    <pre>-- 
François POPLIN

Directeur honoraire de l’UMR 7209 Archéozoologie, Archébotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements

Responsable du Séminaire d&#39;Anthropozoologie

Muséum national d&#39;Histoire naturelle
CP 56
Ancien Laboratoire d’Anatomie comparée
55, rue de Buffon
75005 Paris
01 40 79 33 11
fax ------ 33 14

<a href="http://francoispoplin.blogspot.com" target="_blank">francoispoplin.blogspot.com</a>
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