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<DIV>Hi Pam,</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Should we go off list here...or just continue on list, and hope for others
having a comment or two as we go along? My thesis has a conclusion
somewhere which is supposed to be that ridden/traction horses were brought to
Scandinavia <EM>in any significant number and for breeding
purposes </EM>around the beginning of Scandinavian Bronze Age, with the
very earliest confirmed find being dated to 2700 bc, which is considered late
neolithic here. However, there is such scarce material, and so many
indications that individual horses well may have been tamed and used, long
before the Khazaks started regular breedings, aroung 3500 bc. I claim
that horses were ridden (not domesticated mind you) already during the ice age,
and before (Google <EM>"baton de commendment", </EM>parts of bits made out of
horn or bone?<EM>)</EM>. My primary source materials are thus focusing on the
domestication question in Botai, Dereivka and other places, when and how they
spread eastward and to the north. </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Among the interesting rituals involving the horse (and earlier also other
animals, such as dogs on occasion (Dereivka find), bovines, and possible red
deer in very much earlier times) where the horse ritually is killed, skinned
with letting the head and the lower legs and tail stil be left on the skin. This
"emptied" horse was hung over a pole, both - as it seems - to award evil during
feasting/burial, and acting as sacrifice to ease the gods - and at the end of
ritual being buried either with a person (this is the most common in Scandnavia
and northern part of Europe at least), or buried alone - together with perhaps a
dog, or two dogs, treated the same way - as in Dereivka. I reacted in Alicias
paper there, that they mentioned "horse graves with no horses" - how then, did
they know it was horse graves, unless there were bits, bridles, saddles etc in
these graves, in which case it may just as well have been an offering of goods,
not a horse-grave? Just a thought. There are some of those in southern
Scandinavia, showing saddlery and tack, not necessarily locally made...</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>I lean a lot on Gimbutas thoughts of people migrations, rather than
material diffusion, with regards to bronze useage and riding/breeding. I think
that neither would have caused such a "revolution" if it hadn't been a
connection between the both. </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>I'd love to share thoughts with you on this, I just wish that I can help
you! What are you doing, feel free to email me off list if you think that is
more appropriate!</DIV>
<DIV>Bright Blessings,</DIV>
<DIV>**Gun-Britt Blomdahl</DIV>
<DIV>Linnaeus University, Kalmar Sweden</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<BLOCKQUOTE
style="BORDER-LEFT: #000000 2px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 5px; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message ----- </DIV>
<DIV
style="FONT: 10pt arial; BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B>
<A title=PajX@aol.com href="mailto:PajX@aol.com">PajX@aol.com</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>To:</B> <A title=bonetools@listserv.niif.hu
href="mailto:bonetools@listserv.niif.hu">bonetools@listserv.niif.hu</A> </DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Sent:</B> Thursday, March 31, 2011 5:22
PM</DIV>
<DIV style="FONT: 10pt arial"><B>Subject:</B> Re: [Bonetools] astragali -
Horse - Nagy 2005</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV><FONT id=role_document color=#000000 size=2 face=Arial>
<DIV>Dear Gun-Britt</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>I'm also researching horse burial, so if Alice sends you a copy of the
Nagy 2005 paper would you please send me a copy? </DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>Perhaps you might tell me more about your research and perhaps we might
be able to share some references?</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>best,</DIV>
<DIV>Pam</DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV><FONT lang=0 size=2 face=Arial PTSIZE="10" FAMILY="SANSSERIF">Pamela J
Cross<BR>PhD researcher, Bioarchaeology<BR>AGES, University of Bradford<BR>BD7
1DP UK<BR>p.j.cross@bradford.ac.uk<BR>or pajx@aol.com<BR><A
href="http://www.barc.brad.ac.uk/resstud_Cross.php">http://www.barc.brad.ac.uk/resstud_Cross.php</A><BR><A
href="http://www.brad.ac.uk/archenvi/news/EAA09.php">http://www.brad.ac.uk/archenvi/news/EAA09.php</A><BR></FONT></DIV></DIV>
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>======================================</DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Hello Alica,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>And thanks for sharing this wonderful article! As
I read, I came upon the mentioning of ritualistic horse burials without a
horse, from the migration period. I am presently writing about horses, so I
wonder if you possibly could contribute with some more specifics on those
graves? The reference in your article page 207 is made to Nagy 2005, pp
103-104. Do you have this book? Is there a chance you could copy those two
pages and send me? I would greatly appreciate it.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>And so you know it, I <EM>will </EM>use your
article as part of my references. </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Best greetings,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>**Gun-Britt Blomdahl,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=2 face=Arial>Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV><FONT lang=0 size=2 face=Arial PTSIZE="10"
FAMILY="SANSSERIF"></FONT> </DIV></FONT></DIV></DIV></FONT>
<P>
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