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Dear Alice,<br>
<br>
please, forward what I am writing here to the others.<br>
<br>
Dear Marloes Rijkelijkhuizen, you can understand now what I was feeling
when I was not able to open your tail-piece pictures !<br>
<br>
Now, back to study. This piece belongs to what we call in french
"coussinets", and with help ot the <i>Harmsworth's universal
encyclopedi</i>a (at home, inherited by my wife-Penelope, who has a
part of her family in Great Britain), I found the english term : plain
bearing. I already tried it on Google, and it works !<br>
<br>
The material of these pieces is very important to be strong but not
hard (I would say : soapy) ; they are usually made of "cast iron,
gun-metal, brass for those subject to heavy stresses (...) soft so
called anti-friction alloys, containg tin, lead, zinc, antimony, copper
and bismuth are prefered", and the french <i>Larousse du XXe siècle </i>adds
hard woods such as almond tree and (fr.) gayac. I am workins right now
on the use of <i>Cornus</i> wood in antic spears, and this kind of
wood (dog-wood), so as <i>Sorbus'</i> and others, is famed for making
machine pieces (rays of weel, teeth of gear wheels). Bone is close (and
horn/antler : think to cross-bow "nuts" (fr. noyaux d'arbalète, germ.
Armbrust), which were revolving pieces of bone/antler). As a part of my
ancestors were water-mill-carpenters, I am more of less acquainted with
(or at least fond of) that technological field, and a great event in my
life was when I was standing for the wheels for elevating water at
Hama, in Syria, maybe 10 m in diameter and totaly wooden made, even the
(fr. axe, arbre : axis, spindel ?) and plain bearings "singing in the
rain", I mean : in trickling water and grinding/claiming for some
grease...<br>
<br>
The fact that striaes "along the rim" were produced claims for an axis
made of material about the same hardness than bone : hard wood seems to
be a fair/adequate answer.<br>
<br>
You may understand now the importance of the question of the continuous
or alternate/alternative motion/revolving. A way to decide it is to
look at the profile of the ditch : is it perfectly circular or with a
slope more abrupt than the other, as a continuous rotation/grinding
could give ?<br>
<br>
What was the diameter of the revolving axis ? The ditch seeming more or
less 6 cm long and (?) 1,5 cm deep (?), it would argues for about 8 cm
in diameter, which is already strong with an hard wood.<br>
<br>
And this excludes the use as a brake rubbig along the rim of a wheel,
which is markedly bigger in diameter.<br>
<br>
Is the opposite side not more or less flattened so as to give a better
seating ?<br>
<br>
They choosed a pecularly strong bone, with thick wall, and used it (1°)
twice (at one end after the other), what you cannot do with a match...,
or (2°) do we have to think to a "tween" use, the use of the two
ditches at the same time, for instance to bear a gearl (??). In that
case, the question of uniform/altenative and direction of revolving as
shown by wear marks increases a lot...<br>
<br>
By what time came the water-mills in the country ?<br>
<br>
Your's.<br>
<br>
<br>
Alice Choyke a écrit :
<blockquote
cite="mid:1655c95a1003210150l49e1b13dsf3601f1d7acf8f7c@mail.gmail.com"
type="cite">The phot was in a WORD file. I decocted a photo for
Francois who had trouble opening it - you should see this interesting
object so I am sending you a reduced size version.<br>
<br>
Alice<br>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">On Sun, Mar 21, 2010 at 9:11 AM, Marloes
Rijkelijkhuizen <span dir="ltr"><<a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="mailto:marloesrijkelijkhuizen@hotmail.com">marloesrijkelijkhuizen@hotmail.com</a>></span>
wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote"
style="border-left: 1px solid rgb(204, 204, 204); margin: 0pt 0pt 0pt 0.8ex; padding-left: 1ex;">
<div>I didn't receive any photos..<br>
<br>
Marloes<br>
<br>
<hr>
Date: Fri, 19 Mar 2010 16:32:02 +0100<br>
From: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:poplin@mnhn.fr"
target="_blank">poplin@mnhn.fr</a>
<div class="im"><br>
To: <a moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:bonetools@listserv.niif.hu"
target="_blank">bonetools@listserv.niif.hu</a><br>
</div>
<div class="im">Subject: Re: [Bonetools] Mystery bone object<br>
<br>
</div>
<div>
<div class="h5">Dear Alice,<br>
<br>
I/we cannot open here...<br>
<br>
Alice Choyke a écrit :
<blockquote>Since Leigh is not on the list you should reply both to
her directly and to the list so we can all see what you have to say
about Leigh's mystery tools.<br>
<br>
Alice<br>
<br>
<div>On Thu, Mar 18, 2010 at 3:00 PM, Leigh Allen <span dir="ltr"><<a
moz-do-not-send="true" href="mailto:leigh.allen@oxfordarch.co.uk"
target="_blank">leigh.allen@oxfordarch.co.uk</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote style="padding-left: 1ex;">Dear All,<br>
<br>
I am new to this site, so let me briefly introduce myself. I am the
Finds manager at Oxford Archaeology and have been for the last 20 years
!! I also write reports on Medieval/Post Medieval metalwork and worked
bone objects. I have an object from a site that we excavated in
Winchester that I would like to ask you about (see attached photos). It
is from a rubble later dated anywhare from 5th-13th century !<br>
<br>
The cattle metacarpal has a large scoop taken out of the proximal end,
the surface is perfectly smooth and very heavily polished but the rest
of the bone is not. At the distal end, which is damaged, another scoop
has been removed but it is not smoothed or polished to the same degree.
Striations in the polished surfaces indicate a longitudinal direction
of wear. The wear is so great and so regular it would almost imply that
it was machine made.<br>
<br>
Any help would be most gratefully received<br>
<br>
Kind regards<br>
<br>
Leigh Allen<br>
<br>
<br>
------<br>
Files attached to this email may be in ISO 26300 format (OASIS Open
Document Format). If you have difficulty opening them, please visit <a
moz-do-not-send="true" href="http://iso26300.info/" target="_blank">http://iso26300.info</a>
for more information.<br>
<br>
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<div class="hm">
<hr>Voeg je Hyves, Facebook en LinkedIn contacten toe <a
moz-do-not-send="true"
href="http://www.microsoft.com/netherlands/windowslive/Views/productDetail.aspx?product=Photos"
target="_blank">aan Hotmail en Messenger</a></div>
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