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<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Dear All,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>I must add that all these materials, will probably wear at different
rates. Also the detailed form of the wear will probably vary between
these materials, as the pattern of this should reflect a combination of
the function of the comb, the material of the comb and the structure of that
material. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Horn is formed from layers (visible in Alice’s photo) of finely
corrugated sheets of mineral stiffened keratin protein. Working of the surface
of the comb exposes these layers at the sides and edges of the teeth. If these layers
wear at different rates (perhaps due to differences in mineralisation or organisation
of the protein matrix) this will produce slight grooves in the surfaces of the
comb teeth were the more readily worn layers are exposed. Once these grooves
are formed the hair will catch in them, increasing the wear at these points.
As the grooves get more pronounced more fibres will get funnelled into them as
the comb is pulled thought the hair, increasing the wear still further at these
points (even into more resistant layers of the horn) eventually causing
the ‘beading’. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Bone and antler are more heavily mineralised than horn, their
organic component is collagen rather than keratin, and their structures are entirely
different to horn. In addition, the physical properties and structure of bone compact
tissue are different to those of antler. So although the mechanism of wear
(abrasion by hair/grease/dirt combination) is the same, the ‘necking’
or ‘beading’ produced should be different in detail in these
different materials. Has anyone observed this or done any experimental work
in this area?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'>Sonia<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Dr Sonia O'Connor FSA FIIC
ACR
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Archaeological Sciences<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Division of AGES, University
of Bradford<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Bradford, West
Yorkshire, BD7 1DP<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>UK.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>tel 01274 23 6498 (office)
5210 (lab)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>fax 01274 23 5190<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:72.0pt'><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";
color:#1F497D'><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'>
<p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:
"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;
font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> bonetools-bounces@listserv.niif.hu
[mailto:bonetools-bounces@listserv.niif.hu] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Alice Choyke<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 21 October 2009 21:53<br>
<b>To:</b> tonya.largy@verizon.net; Mailing list for archaeologists of the
research group for the study of object and waste of bone, antler. ivory and
horn.<br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Bonetools] Beading on comb teeth<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>For example - this is a horn
comb from the romanian village of Szek which was in use by a family daily for
around 40 years.<br>
<br>
Alice<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>On Wed, Oct 21, 2009 at 6:59 PM, Tonya Largy <<a
href="mailto:tonya.largy@verizon.net">tonya.largy@verizon.net</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal>Could someone send a photo of a comb with
"beading" on the teeth? This is a new concept to me.<br>
<br>
Thank you,<br>
<br>
Tonya Largy<br>
<br>
Alice Choyke wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'>One thingI can say that the
notching or beading on bone/antler/horn/ivory combs seems to start seriously
developing after ten years. I have an example of daily use by a single
individual (I will send you my comb article) with long hair who used the comb
(bone) primarily to clean her hair of grit after a day in the fields. Her family
had another comb (this one of horn) which was used for similar purposes by
everyone in the family for about 20 years and then by the mother alone for
another 20 before being put away. That one has very pronounced 'beading' on it.
I think the lesson to draw is that specialists have seriously underestimated
the length of time such objects were used in the past. If I forget to send my
article remind me.<br>
Best,<br>
Alice<o:p></o:p></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=MsoNormal>On Wed, Oct 21, 2009 at 12:57 PM, Anne Brundle <<a
href="mailto:Anne.brundle@orkney.gov.uk" target="_blank">Anne.brundle@orkney.gov.uk</a>
<mailto:<a href="mailto:Anne.brundle@orkney.gov.uk" target="_blank">Anne.brundle@orkney.gov.uk</a>>>
wrote:<br>
<br>
Does anyone on the list know of any studies of how quickly the<br>
teeth of bone or antler toilet combs may become beaded? And might<br>
the way hair was treated make a difference to the extent of wear?<br>
Sorry if this is a perennial question, I only just joined!<br>
<br>
<br>
Thanks<br>
<br>
Anne<br>
<br>
<br>
Anne Brundle<br>
<br>
Curator of Archaeology<br>
<br>
The Orkney Museum<br>
<br>
<br>
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